The patron was General Dormer, who commissioned Bridgeman to begin the garden in 1727, then brought in Kent to recreate it in 1737. Rousham House in Oxfordshire is considered by some as the most accomplished and significant of William Kent's work. He collaborated with Kent on several major gardens, providing the botanical expertise which allowed Kent to realize his architectural visions. Ĭharles Bridgeman (1690–1738) was the son of a gardener and an experienced horticulturist, who became the Royal Gardener for Queen Anne and Prince George of Denmark, responsible for tending and redesigning the royal gardens at Windsor, Kensington Palace, Hampton Court, St. His gardens were designed to complement the Palladian architecture of the houses he built. Kent's inspiration came from Palladio's buildings in the Veneto and the landscapes and ruins around Rome – he lived in Italy from 1709 to 1719, and brought back many drawings of antique architecture and landscapes. William Kent (1685–1748) was an architect, painter and furniture designer who introduced Palladian-style architecture to England. These men had large country estates, were members of the anti-royalist Whig Party, had classical educations, were patrons of the arts, and had taken the Grand Tour to Italy, where they had seen the Roman ruins and Italian landscapes they reproduced in their gardens. The new style that became known as the English garden was invented by landscape designers William Kent and Charles Bridgeman, working for wealthy patrons, including Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and banker Henry Hoare. These gardens, modelled after the gardens of Versailles, were designed to impress visitors with their size and grandeur. At the centre of the composition was the house, behind which were formal and symmetrical gardens in the style of the garden à la française, with ornate carpets of floral designs and walls of hedges, decorated with statues and fountains. These parks featured vast lawns, woods, and pieces of architecture, such as the classical mausoleum designed by Hawksmoor at Castle Howard.
The predecessors of the landscape garden in England were the great parks created by Sir John Vanbrugh (1664–1726) and Nicholas Hawksmoor at Castle Howard (1699–1712), Blenheim Palace (1705–1722), and the Claremont Landscape Garden at Claremont House (1715–1727). The English landscape garden was usually centred on the English country house, and many examples in the United Kingdom are popular visitor attractions today.Ĭastle Howard (1699–1712), a predecessor of the English garden modelled on the gardens of Versailles
It also had a major influence on the form of the public parks and gardens which appeared around the world in the 19th century. Petersburg, Russia, in Pavlovsk, the gardens of the future Emperor Paul. By the end of the 18th century the English garden was being imitated by the French landscape garden, and as far away as St. The work of Lancelot "Capability" Brown was particularly influential. The English garden usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape. Created and pioneered by William Kent and others, the “informal” garden style originated as a revolt against the architectural garden and drew inspiration from paintings of landscapes by Salvator Rosa, Claude Lorrain, and Nicolas Poussin.
The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply the English garden ( French: Jardin à l'anglaise, Italian: Giardino all'inglese, German: Englischer Landschaftsgarten, Portuguese: Jardim inglês, Spanish: Jardín inglés), is a style of " landscape" garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical French formal garden which had emerged in the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The paintings of Claude Lorrain inspired Stourhead and other English landscape gardens.
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